ABSTRACT
A ingestão de bebidas alcoólicas é um evento socioculturalmente aceito em muitos países. Porém, o consumo frequente e descontrolado deste tipo de bebida configura o transtorno por uso de álcool (TUA). Esta condição causa agravos que podem afetar a sociedade de uma forma geral. O TUA também pode levar os pacientes a contraírem doenças. Entre estas, existe uma relação importante entre TUA e doenças infectocontagiosas, com destaque para a infecção pelo HIV e o posterior desenvolvimento da AIDS. Portanto, a presente pesquisa objetivou realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre as relações entre TUA e HIV/AIDS. A seleção do material científico foi efetuada tendo por base plataformas eletrônicas, tais como: Google Scholar, MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, NCBI / PUBMED, Scopus e Science Direct. O entendimento dos fatores relacionados ao TUA, principalmente em pacientes com HIV/AIDS, é de fundamental importância para a formulação e criação de estratégias de políticas públicas que visem reduzir esta possível relação (AU)
The ingestion of alcoholic beverages is socio-culturally accepted in many countries. However, frequent and uncontrolled consumption of this type of beverage constitutes alcohol use disorder (AUD). This condition may be harmful to society in general, and it can lead patients to contract other diseases. There is an important relationship between AUD and infectious diseases, with emphasis on HIV infection and the later development of AIDS. Therefore, the present research aimed to carry out a review of the literature on the relationship between AUD and HIV/AIDS. The selection of the scientific material was based on electronic platforms, such as Google Scholar, MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, NCBI/ PUBMED, Scopus and Science Direct. The understanding of the factors related to AUD, especially in patients with HIV/AIDS, is of fundamental importance for the formulation and creation of public policy strategies aimed at reducing this possible relationship (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Alcohol-Related Disorders/complications , HIV Infections/transmission , Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects , HIV Infections/chemically induced , Viral Load/physiology , Virus Replication/physiologyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli (E.coli)and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.pneumoniae),antimicrobial use density(AUD),as well as relation between antimicrobial resistance and AUD in a ter-tiary first-class hospital.Methods Antimicrobial resistance rates of clinically-isolated E.coli and K.pneumoniae,AUD of carbapenems and quinolones,as well as relation between resistance and AUD in 2013-2015 were statistically analyzed. Results Correlation analysis of antimicrobial resistance of bacteria and AUD showed that the decrease in resistance rate of E.coli to levofloxacin was related to the decrease in the use density of quinolones(r=0.61,P=0.03);increase in resist-ance rate of K.pneumoniae to imipenem was related to the increase in the use density of carbapenems(r=0.78,P<0.01). Conclusion Antimicrobial use is one of the causes of bacterial resistance,management on antimicrobial use needs to be strengthened to reduce the threat of bacterial resistance to human health.
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Objective:To analyze the indicators and resistance rate of antibacterial drugs for special use in our hospital before and after the implementation of network online approval process to provide reference for the management and rational use of antibacterial drugs for special use. Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed, and the consumption amount, sales amount, utilization ratio, AUD, submission rate of microbial specimen and resistance rates for the main pathogenic bacteria of antibacterial drugs and ones for special use were investigated during 2012 and 2015 in our hospital. Results:The approval process of antibacterial drugs for special use developed from handwork to network online. The consumption amount of antibacterial drugs increased slightly year by year from 2012 to 2015 in our hospital, the mean expense of antibacterial drugs for the inpatients increased from 1602. 85 yuan to 1888. 63 yuan,and AUD increased from 54. 50 DDDs/(100 persons × d) to 65. 47 DDDs/(100 persons × d). The sales amount proportion of antibacterial drugs for special use (13. 90%) was the lowest in 2013, and the highest (17. 34%) in 2015, and AUD increased from 4. 85 DDDs/(100 person × d)to 6. 37 DDDs/(100 person × d), and the submission rate of microbial specimen before the treatment increased from 85. 5% to 90. 0%. The main pathogenic bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii,and their ratio had slight change. Except Staphylococcus aureus, the resistance rate of the other four pathogenic bacteria kept increasing, and the resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii to cefepime and carbapenems were over 50%. Conclusion:The approval process management of antibacterial drugs for special use must be strengthened in order to truly a-chieve reasonable use of antibacterial drugs for special use.
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Objective To investigate anti-ulcerative drug (AUD) utility in patients undergoing thyroid operation against stress ulcer (SU ) during perioperative period .Methods A total of 393 patients undergoing arthroscopic operation during Jan . to Dec .2013 in our hospital were recruited and retrospectively analyzed with Excel spreadsheet .Results Among 393 patients in the study ,eighty-five patients (21 .6% ) used AUD (92 .9% )after operation ,most (94 .9% ) were administered by intrave-nous ,and drug utilization index (DUI) was 1 .48 .Eighty-seven point one patients used proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in which lansoprazole was prescribed most .Conclusion PPIs were overused in patients undergoing thyroid operation .
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OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) among patients admitted in Baguio General Hospital and Medical Center (BGHMC).METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study design included randomly selected patients who were admitted in BGHMC, using a two-phase case identification strategy. The first phase was the review of charts wherein no AUD screening tool was used to determine how many patients were diagnosed with AUD. The second phase employed the use of a screening tool (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test or AUDIT) to identify AUDs. Diagnostic interview for AUD using the DSM-IV-TR was done by the researcher with the subjects found to be positive on the screening tool.RESULTS: The prevalence of AUD was 1% and 21% for phase I and phase II respectively. Diagnostic interview for AUD using the DSM-IV-TR showed that out of the 67 patients with AUD, 43 (64.2%) had Alcohol Dependence and 24 (35.8%) had Alcohol Abuse. The difference was statistically significant.CONCLUSION: The ratio of reported cases of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) among the patients admitted in BGHMC was higher with the use of screening tool. Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) as a screening tool was able to identify and detect patients with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). There was higher number of patients admitted in BGHMC with alcoholic dependence than with alcohol abuse.